Understanding 到期日期: How do I know when my food's gone bad?
在美国,没有统一或普遍接受的食品日期测定系统. Depending on which food you are buying, 包装上的日期可能是建议什么时候应该出售或什么时候应该食用. 因为对约会的困惑可能意味着扔掉完美的食物, 这里有一些关于食品包装日期和你购物清单上一些常见食品的储存的建议.
过期食物的种类
开放式日期(使用日历日期)主要见于肉类等易腐食品的包装上, 家禽, eggs and dairy products. “封闭”或“编码”日期可能会出现在罐头和盒装食品等货架稳定的产品上.
日期的类型
- “Sell-By”日期告诉商店将产品展示销售多长沙巴足球体育平台. You should buy the product before the date expires.
- 推荐使用“最佳食用日期”,以获得最佳风味和品质. It is not a purchase or safety date.
- “使用截止日期”是指在产品达到最佳质量时建议使用的最后日期. The date has been determined by the manufacturer of the product.
- “封闭或编码日期”是供制造商使用的包装编号.
Safety After Date Expires
除了“使用日期”,产品日期并不总是指家庭储存和购买后使用. "Use-by" dates usually refer to best quality and are not safety dates. But even if the date expires during home storage, a product should be safe, 如果处理得当并保存在40°F或以下,则卫生且质量良好. 请参阅随附的冰箱图表,了解过期产品的储存沙巴足球体育平台. If product has a "use-by" date, follow that date. If product has a "sell-by" date or no date, cook or freeze the product by the times on the chart below.
由于腐败细菌的存在,食物会产生异味、味道或外观. If a food has developed such characteristics, do not eat it.
处理不当的食物
If foods are mishandled, 然而, 食源性细菌可以在包装日期之前或之后生长并引起食源性疾病. 例如, 如果野餐时需要冷藏的食物被放在冰箱里几个小时, it might not be safe if used thereafter, even if the date hasn't expired.
Other examples of potential mishandling are products that have been: defrosted at room temperature; cross contaminated; or handled by people who don't practice sanitation. 确保按照标签上的操作和准备说明进行操作,以确保最高质量和安全.
Handling and Storage Tips
- Purchase the food product before the date expires.
- 如果食物易腐烂,购买后立即带回家,并立即冷藏. Freeze it if you can't use it within times recommended on chart.
- Once a perishable product is frozen, 日期是否过期并不重要,因为在0°F或以下连续冷冻的食品是安全的.
- Follow handling recommendations on product.
肉类/家禽/鱼
鲜肉、家禽和鱼极易变质,所以标有“最迟出售”日期. 这是食品杂货店可以展示该食品的有效期. Purchase the food product before the expiration date on the package. If there is a “use by” or "freeze by" date, follow that date. If the food product has a “sell-by” date or no date, cook or freeze the product by the times in the chart below.
总是把你的肉、家禽和鱼存放在40华氏度或以下的冰箱里. 下面的图表显示了购买食物后在冰箱或冰柜中储存食物的大致天数或月数. 更长的存储沙巴足球体育平台, 保存在0°F或以下的冰箱中,然后在解冻后一两天内煮熟.
Proper freezing can keep food safe indefinitely, but the quality (e.g., 如果储存沙巴足球体育平台超过下表中《沙巴足球体育平台》推荐的沙巴足球体育平台,食物的味道和质地可能会下降. Even though it takes more time, 一定要解冻肉类, 把家禽和鱼放在冰箱里,而不是放在厨房的柜台上. 如果这些食物中有任何一种出现冷冻烧焦或奇怪的颜色或气味,不要使用.
鲜肉的种类 | 冰箱(40 0F以下) | 冰箱(0 0F以下) |
鱼 | 1至2天 | 3至8个月 |
Hamburger, ground beef, turkey, veal, pork, lamb, mixtures of them & products made with any of these ingredients | 1至2天 | 3至4个月 |
牛排 | 3至5天 | 4至12个月 |
排 | 3至5天 | 4至12个月 |
烤肉 | 3至5天 | 4至12个月 |
Chicken or turkey, whole | 1至2天 | 1年 |
Chicken or turkey, pieces | 1至2天 | 9个月 |
牛奶
牛奶 cartons also have “sell by” dates so if you store them in the refrigerator as soon as you get home from the grocery store and don’t leave them out on the counter during meals; they are still drinkable past that date (see the chart below).
一些牛奶经过超高温(UHT)处理,所以它们保持新鲜的沙巴足球体育平台更长. 这些货架稳定的牛奶可以保存在你的食品储藏室长达90天,直到他们打开后打开, UHT牛奶的变质沙巴足球体育平台与传统的巴氏杀菌牛奶相似,应该像巴氏杀菌牛奶一样冷藏.
牛奶的种类 | How long it lasts (in refrigerator) (40°F或以下) |
巴氏杀菌 | 7 - 14天 |
UHT or Shelf stable milk | 7 - 14天 (once opened) |
鸡蛋
Depending on state regulations, your store-bought eggs will have a “sell by”, “best if used by” or an “expiration”(EXP) date. Always purchase eggs before the "Sell-By" or "EXP" date on the carton. After the eggs reach home, 把鸡蛋放在原来的纸盒里冷藏,放在冰箱最冷的地方, 不在门口. 为了获得最佳质量,在购买鸡蛋后的3到5周内使用鸡蛋. The "sell-by" date will usually expire during that length of time, but the eggs are perfectly safe to use.
产品 | 冰箱 (40°F或以下) |
冰箱 (0°F或以下) |
带壳生鸡蛋 | 3至5周 | 不要冻结 |
鸡蛋完全煮熟后 | 1周 | Does not freeze well |
Egg substitutes, liquid (Unopened) | 10天 | 1年 |
Egg substitutes, liquid (Opened) | 3天 | Does not freeze well |
面包
切片面包的塑料袋或领带标签上印有“最佳食用日期”或“最佳食用日期”. 刚出炉的面包很快就会变质,因为它通常不含防腐剂. 如果你看到绿色或白色的霉斑形成,很容易判断面包什么时候坏了, throw out the whole loaf, not just the pieces with mold.
你知道保存面包最新鲜的地方是在你的冰箱里吗? You can keep bread in the refrigerator for 2-3 weeks, 但冰箱可能会导致面包迅速失去水分,变得不新鲜.
面包的种类 | 持续多久 |
Store bought, slice bread in plastic bag | 2 - 4 days (on counter) |
面包店的面包 | 1 - 3天 (on counter) |
所有的面包 | 2 –3 months (in freezer) |
本文和图表中的信息和建议仅供参考. Harvesting techniques, manufacturing processes, transportation and distribution conditions, the nature of the food, and storage temperature and conditions may impact storage life.
In-depth food safety information can be found at www.FoodSafety.政府(link opens in new window), which is the gateway to Federal food safety information.